Family Nurse Practitioner Exam

Which type of headache is characterized by unilateral vision loss and tenderness?

1. Migraine

2. Tension headache

3. Cluster headache

4. Giant cell arteritis

The correct answer is: Giant cell arteritis

The type of headache characterized by unilateral vision loss and tenderness is associated with giant cell arteritis. This inflammatory condition affects the large and medium-sized blood vessels, particularly the temporal arteries. Patients often present with symptoms such as localized tenderness over the involved arteries, which may indicate inflammation. Additionally, vision changes, including unilateral vision loss, can occur due to ischemic optic neuropathy—a serious complication stemming from reduced blood flow to the optic nerve. In the context of headaches, giant cell arteritis can be differentiated by its systemic symptoms, including fever and malaise, and its potential for serious complications like vision impairment. Recognizing these signs is crucial for prompt diagnosis and treatment, as untreated giant cell arteritis can lead to permanent vision loss. The combination of unilateral vision loss and tenderness is a red flag that points toward this condition, requiring immediate medical attention and often corticosteroid treatment to prevent further complications.