Family Nurse Practitioner Exam

Which of the following T-scores indicates a diagnosis of osteoporosis?

1. T-score of 0 to -1.0

2. T-score of -1.0 to -2.0

3. T-score of -2.5 or less

4. The diagnosis of osteoporosis is based on an x-ray series of the spine

The correct answer is: T-score of -2.5 or less

A T-score of -2.5 or less is the standard threshold used to diagnose osteoporosis. This classification is determined through dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA) scans, which measure bone mineral density (BMD). A T-score compares an individual's BMD to that of a healthy young adult, providing insight into bone health. Osteoporosis is a condition characterized by reduced bone density and increased fracture risk. The diagnostic criteria are based on these T-scores, with a reading of -2.5 or lower indicating that the bone density is significantly decreased, thus confirming a diagnosis of osteoporosis. This suggests a higher likelihood of fractures and signifies a critical need for further evaluation and management. The other T-score ranges indicate different conditions. A T-score from 0 to -1.0 represents normal bone density, while a score from -1.0 to -2.0 is indicative of osteopenia, a condition of lower than normal bone density, but not severe enough to be classified as osteoporosis. Relying solely on x-ray series for diagnosis would not provide the specific quantitative measure necessary to assess bone density, hence it does not meet the standards for diagnosing osteoporosis.