Family Nurse Practitioner Exam

Which group of patients is not at an increased risk of developing adverse effects from Metformin?

1. Patients with renal disease

2. Patients with hypoxia

3. Patients who are alcoholics

4. Obese patients

The correct answer is: Patients who are alcoholics

Metformin is commonly used in the management of type 2 diabetes, and it carries specific risks that need to be considered when prescribing it to certain patient populations. Patients with renal disease are at an increased risk for lactic acidosis when taking Metformin since the drug is primarily excreted by the kidneys. Reduced kidney function can lead to accumulation of Metformin in the body, increasing the risk of adverse effects. Those with hypoxia, such as individuals with respiratory failure or severe pulmonary disease, also face a heightened risk because hypoxia can compromise tissue oxygenation and lead to lactic acidosis in conjunction with Metformin. Patients who are alcoholics may experience adverse effects due to potential interactions with Metformin and the risk of lactic acidosis associated with alcohol use, which can further impair liver and kidney function. In contrast, obese patients are generally not at an increased risk of developing adverse effects specifically from Metformin. In fact, Metformin is often beneficial for this group, as it aids in weight management and has a favorable effect on insulin sensitivity. Therefore, compared to the other groups mentioned, obese patients are less likely to develop the complications associated with Metformin use.