Family Nurse Practitioner Exam

Which condition is most likely to cause delirium?

1. Dehydration

2. Multiple brain infarcts

3. Malnutrition

4. Acute infection

The correct answer is: Acute infection

Acute infection is a leading cause of delirium, particularly in older adults. Delirium is characterized by a sudden change in cognition and attention, and it can be triggered by various medical conditions. Infections can lead to systemic inflammatory responses, alterations in neurotransmitter function, and metabolic imbalances that impact brain function. For example, urinary tract infections, pneumonia, and sepsis are common types of infections that can precipitate delirium, especially in individuals with pre-existing vulnerability. While dehydration, multiple brain infarcts, and malnutrition can also contribute to cognitive changes and might lead to delirium, acute infections are one of the most immediate and significant triggers due to their potential to cause rapid changes in a person's health status and to alter metabolic processes in the body. Understanding the role of acute infections in delirium is vital for timely diagnosis and intervention.