Family Nurse Practitioner Exam

What is the most common side effect of atypical antipsychotic drugs?

1. Malignant hypertension and headache

2. Orthostatic hypotension and sedation

3. Skin hyperpigmentation and alopecia

4. Severe anxiety and increased appetite

The correct answer is: Orthostatic hypotension and sedation

Atypical antipsychotic drugs are commonly associated with certain side effects, among which sedation and orthostatic hypotension are frequently reported. Sedation occurs because these medications often have antihistaminic properties, leading to drowsiness in patients. This can be particularly pronounced during the initiation of therapy or with dose adjustments. Orthostatic hypotension, which is a drop in blood pressure upon standing, can also occur due to the blockade of alpha-adrenergic receptors. This side effect can result in dizziness or lightheadedness when patients stand up quickly, necessitating careful monitoring when initiating or increasing doses of atypical antipsychotics. These effects are significant because they can impact the patient's quality of life and adherence to medication regimens. Understanding these common side effects is crucial for family nurse practitioners when managing patients on these medications, as it allows for appropriate education and monitoring to improve safety and efficacy of treatment.