Family Nurse Practitioner Exam

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What condition is primarily assessed by the ankle-brachial index (ABI) test?

Venous insufficiency
Osteoarthritis of the arm
Peripheral arterial disease (PAD)
Rheumatoid arthritis

The correct answer is: Peripheral arterial disease (PAD)

The ankle-brachial index (ABI) test is primarily used to evaluate peripheral arterial disease (PAD). This condition is characterized by the narrowing or blockage of arteries in the legs, which can lead to reduced blood flow and significant complications. The ABI helps in diagnosing PAD by comparing the blood pressure in the ankle with the blood pressure in the arm. A lower ankle pressure relative to the arm indicates potential arterial blockages or reduced blood flow, confirming the presence of PAD. This simple, non-invasive test is crucial for identifying vascular issues that may not show any symptoms in the early stages, making timely diagnosis and management possible for at-risk individuals.