Family Nurse Practitioner Exam

What can lead to increased risk of osteoporosis in women post-menopause?

1. Estrogen deficiency

2. Cigarette smoking

3. High calcium intake

4. Regular exercise

The correct answer is: Estrogen deficiency

Estrogen deficiency is a significant factor in the increased risk of osteoporosis in women after menopause. Estrogen plays a crucial role in maintaining bone density by inhibiting bone resorption, the process through which bone tissue is broken down. When a woman goes through menopause, the production of estrogen decreases dramatically, which leads to an acceleration of bone loss. This reduction in estrogen levels can result in a significant decrease in bone mineral density over time, thereby heightening the risk of osteoporosis and associated fractures. In contrast, options such as high calcium intake and regular exercise are generally associated with protective effects against osteoporosis. While cigarette smoking is also a risk factor for osteoporosis, it does not directly relate to the hormonal changes that occur post-menopause in the same way that estrogen deficiency does. Understanding the role that estrogen plays highlights its critical importance in post-menopausal bone health.