Family Nurse Practitioner Exam

The Somogyi effect is primarily characterized by what phenomenon?

1. High levels of growth hormone

2. Physiologic spike of glucose in the morning

3. High fasting blood glucose

4. Occurs only in type 1 diabetic patients

The correct answer is: Physiologic spike of glucose in the morning

The Somogyi effect, also known as reactive hypoglycemia, is primarily characterized by a physiological spike in glucose levels in the morning following a period of nocturnal hypoglycemia. This phenomenon occurs when the body responds to low blood sugar levels during the night by releasing hormones such as cortisol, glucagon, and epinephrine. These hormones promote gluconeogenesis and glycogenolysis, leading to increased glucose production and a subsequent rise in blood glucose levels upon awakening. The understanding of the Somogyi effect highlights the importance of monitoring blood glucose levels, especially overnight, to prevent hypoglycemia and understand the resulting hyperglycemia that may occur in the morning. While it can be observed in both type 1 and type 2 diabetes, the emphasis on morning hyperglycemia in connection with nocturnal hypoglycemia specifically characterizes the Somogyi effect. This understanding allows healthcare providers to adjust diabetes management plans effectively and promote better glycemic control.