Family Nurse Practitioner Exam

In what clinical scenario is a dilated eye exam needed annually?

1. A) Patients with hypertension

2. B) Elderly individuals with type 2 diabetes

3. C) Patients with a family history of glaucoma

4. D) Individuals over 40 years of age

The correct answer is: B) Elderly individuals with type 2 diabetes

A dilated eye exam is crucial for elderly individuals with type 2 diabetes because they are at a significantly higher risk for diabetic retinopathy. This condition can lead to vision loss if not detected early. The annual dilated eye exam allows for proper monitoring of the retina and the early identification of any changes that may indicate the onset of diabetic eye disease. Elderly individuals, particularly those with diabetes, experience a range of ocular complications due to prolonged exposure to elevated blood glucose levels. Regular examinations are essential to manage and mitigate the risks associated with these complications. Being proactive through annual screening helps in timely intervention, thus preserving vision and maintaining a better quality of life for these patients. While hypertension, family history of glaucoma, and age over 40 are important factors that can warrant regular eye examinations, the specific recommendation for an annual dilated exam aligns most closely with patients who have diabetes, especially in the elderly population, where the risk and potential severity of complications are pronounced.